SELECT        ile.[Document No_], ile.[Posting Date], iae.[Item Ledger Entry No_], ile.[Entry No_], iae.[Inbound Item Entry No_]
FROM  dbo.[Item Ledger Entry] AS ile LEFT OUTER JOIN
         dbo.[Item Application Entry] AS iae ON ile.[Entry No_] = iae.[Item Ledger Entry No_] LEFT OUTER JOIN
WHERE  (ile.[Document No_] = 'ПРНК-12-00338')

;with
cte1 as (select ... from t1 inner join t2 ...),

cte2 as (

select ...
from cte1
where ...

union all

select ...
from cte2 inner join cte1 ...
)

WITH 

cte1 as (SELECT  ile.[Document No_], ile.[Posting Date], ile.[Entry No_], ile.[Location Code], ile.Quantity,iae.[Item Ledger Entry No_], iae.[Inbound Item Entry No_], iae.[Outbound Item Entry No_]
 FROM dbo.[Керамика оптторг$Item Ledger Entry] AS ile inner join
  dbo.[Керамика оптторг$Item Application Entry] AS iae ON ile.[Entry No_] = iae.[Item Ledger Entry No_]
						 WHERE (ile.[Document No_] = 'ПРНК-12-00338')
 ),

 cte2 as (

select [Posting Date],[Entry No_],[Inbound Item Entry No_] ,[Item Ledger Entry No_]
from dbo.[Керамика оптторг$Item Application Entry] AS iae WHERE ile.[Entry No_] = iae.[Item Ledger Entry No_] and [Inbound Item Entry No_] = [Item Ledger Entry No_]

union all

select cte2.[Posting Date],cte2.[Entry No_],cte2.[Inbound Item Entry No_] ,cte2.[Item Ledger Entry No_]
from cte2 inner join cte1 ON cte2.[Inbound Item Entry No_] = cte2.[Item Ledger Entry No_]

)
--SELECT * FROM CTE1
SELECT * FROM cte2

cte2 as (

select ...
from cte1
where cte1.[Document No_] = 'ПРНК-12-00338'

union all

select ...
from cte2 inner join cte1 ...
)

SELECT  ile.[Entry No_]
 FROM dbo.[Керамика оптторг$Item Ledger Entry] AS ile 
	WHERE ile.[Document No_] = 'ПРНК-12-00338' group by ile.[Entry No_]		

declare @t1 table([Entry No.] int, [Init Entry No.] int)
declare @t2 table([Entry No.] int, [Document No.] varchar(10), [Customer/Vendor No.] varchar(10))

insert into @t1  
select 12, null union all   
select 19, null union all  
select 34,  67  union all
select 45, null union all
select 123,  12 union all
select 123,  19 union all
select 234,  45 union all
select 566,  123

insert into @t2
select 12,  'idoc001', null      union all
select 19,  'pdoc001',  'v00002' union all
select 34,  'sdoc003',  'c00023' union all
select 45,  'pdoc002',  'v00007' union all 
select 123,  'tdoc045',  'c00027' union all
select 234,  'sdoc023',  'c00345' union all
select 566,  'sdoc056',  'c00234' 

;with cte as (
select t2.[Entry No.], t1.[Init Entry No.]
from @t1 t1 inner join @t2 t2 on t1.[Entry No.]=t2.[Entry No.]
where t2.[Document No.]='sdoc056'

union all

select t1.[Entry No.], t1.[Init Entry No.]
from @t1 t1 inner join cte on t1.[Entry No.]=cte.[Init Entry No.] )

select t2.* 
from @t2 t2 inner join cte on t2.[Entry No.]=cte.[Entry No.]

Entry No.   Document No. Customer/Vendor No.
----------- ------------ -------------------
566         sdoc056      c00234
123         tdoc045      c00027
123         tdoc045      c00027
19          pdoc001      v00002
12          idoc001      NULL

.....
union all
select IAE.[Entry No_], IAE.Quantity as QTY
from [Item Application Entry] IAE inner join AI
 on
 IAE.[Inbound Item Entry No_] = AI.[Item Ledger Entry No_]
where IAE.[Item Ledger Entry No_] <> AI.[Item Ledger Entry No_] здесь бы проверить Entry No. не записан ли ранее
....