use tempdb;
go

create table dbo.t1 (id int primary key, v1 int);
create table dbo.t2 (id int primary key, v2 int);
go

create view dbo.v1
as
select
 t1.id as c1,
 t1.v1 as c2,
 t2.v2 as c3,
 t1.v1 + t2.v2 as c4
from
 dbo.t1 join
 dbo.t2 on t2.id = t1.id;
go

if object_id('tempdb..#t', 'U') is not null
 drop table #t;
go

declare @x xml, @m nvarchar(50) = N'/*' + cast(newid() as nvarchar(36)) + N'*/';
declare @s nvarchar(max) =  @m + N'select * into #t from dbo.v1;';
exec sp_executesql @s;

select
 @x = p.query_plan
from
 sys.dm_exec_cached_plans cp cross apply
 sys.dm_exec_query_plan(cp.plan_handle) p cross apply
 sys.dm_exec_sql_text(cp.plan_handle) t
where
 t.text like N'%' + @m + N'%'
option
 (recompile);

with xmlnamespaces(default 'http://schemas.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2004/07/showplan')
select
 c.ReferencingColumn,
 c.ReferencedDatabase,
 c.ReferencedSchema,
 c.ReferencedTable,
 c.ReferencedColumn,
 e.ReferencedExpression
from
 @x.nodes('//RelOp[@PhysicalOp="Table Insert" and not(empty(.//Object[@Table="[#t]"]))]') a(n) cross apply
 a.n.nodes('//Assign') b(n) cross apply
 (
  select
   b.n.value('ColumnReference[1]/@Column', 'sysname'),
   b.n.value('(ScalarOperator/Identifier/ColumnReference)[1]/@Database', 'sysname'),
   b.n.value('(ScalarOperator/Identifier/ColumnReference)[1]/@Schema', 'sysname'),
   b.n.value('(ScalarOperator/Identifier/ColumnReference)[1]/@Table', 'sysname'),
   b.n.value('(ScalarOperator/Identifier/ColumnReference)[1]/@Column', 'sysname')
 ) c(ReferencingColumn, ReferencedDatabase, ReferencedSchema, ReferencedTable, ReferencedColumn) outer apply
 (
  select
   d.n.value('@ScalarString', 'nvarchar(max)')
  from
   a.n.nodes('//DefinedValue[not(empty(ColumnReference/@Column=sql:column("c.ReferencedColumn")))]/ScalarOperator') d(n)
  where
   c.ReferencedTable is null
 ) e(ReferencedExpression);
go

drop view dbo.v1;
drop table dbo.t1, dbo.t2;
go